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<title>Systems modeling language</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Systems modeling language</span></span>

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<p>The <b>systems modeling language</b> (<b>SysML</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="General-purpose_modeling" title="General-purpose modeling">general-purpose modeling</a> language for <a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a> applications. It supports the specification, <a href="Analysis" title="Analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="Design" title="Design">design</a>, <a href="Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">verification and validation</a> of a broad range of systems and <a href="System_of_systems" title="System of systems">systems-of-systems</a>.

</p><p>SysML was originally developed by an <a href="Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> specification project, and includes an open source license for distribution and use.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SysML is defined as an extension of a subset of the <a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">Unified Modeling Language</a> (UML) using <a href="Profile_(UML)" title="Profile (UML)">UML's profile mechanism</a>. The language's extensions were designed to support systems engineering activities.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contrast_with_UML">Contrast with UML</h2></div>

<p>SysML offers several systems engineering specific improvements over <a href="Unified_Modelling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Modelling Language">UML</a>, which has been developed as a software modeling language. These improvements include the following:

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<ul><li>SysML's diagrams express system engineering concepts better due to the removal of UML's software-centric restrictions and adds two new diagram types, requirement and parametric diagrams. The former can be used for <a href="Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">requirements engineering</a>; the latter can be used for <a href="Profiling_(computer_programming)" title="Profiling (computer programming)">performance analysis</a> and <a href="Statistics" title="Statistics">quantitative analysis</a>. Consequent to these enhancements, SysML is able to model a wide range of systems, which may include hardware, software, information, processes, personnel, and facilities.</li>

<li>SysML is a comparatively small language that is easier to learn and apply.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since SysML removes many of UML's software-centric constructs, the overall language is smaller both in diagram types and total constructs.</li>

<li>SysML allocation tables support common kinds of allocations. Whereas UML provides only limited support for tabular notations, SysML furnishes flexible allocation tables that support requirements allocation, functional allocation, and structural allocation. This capability facilitates automated <a href="Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">verification and validation</a> (V&V) and gap analysis.</li>

<li>SysML model management constructs support models, views, and viewpoints. These constructs extend UML's capabilities and are architecturally aligned with <a href="IEEE-Std-1471-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-Std-1471-2000">IEEE-Std-1471-2000</a> (IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software Intensive Systems).</li></ul>

<p>SysML reuses seven of UML 2's fourteen "<a href="Nominative" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative">nominative</a>" types of <a href="Diagram" title="Diagram">diagrams</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

and adds two diagrams (requirement and parametric diagrams) for a total of nine diagram types. SysML also supports allocation tables, a tabular format that can be dynamically derived from SysML allocation relationships. A table which compares SysML and UML 2 diagrams is available in the SysML FAQ.

</p><p>Consider modeling an automotive system: with SysML one can use Requirement diagrams to efficiently capture functional, performance, and interface requirements, whereas with UML one is subject to the limitations of <a href="Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram">use case diagrams</a> to define high-level functional requirements. Likewise, with SysML one can use Parametric diagrams to precisely define performance and quantitative constraints like maximum <a href="Acceleration" title="Acceleration">acceleration</a>, minimum <a href="Curb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">curb weight</a>, and total <a href="Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> capacity. UML provides no straightforward mechanism to capture this sort of essential performance and quantitative information.

</p><p>Concerning the rest of the automotive system, enhanced <a href="Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">activity diagrams</a> and <a href="State_diagram#UML_state_diagram" title="State diagram">state machine diagrams</a> can be used to specify the <a href="Embedded_software" title="Embedded software">embedded software</a> control logic and information flows for the on-board automotive computers. Other SysML structural and behavioral diagrams can be used to model factories that build the automobiles, as well as the interfaces between the organizations that work in the factories.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The SysML initiative originated in a January 2001 decision by the <a href="INCOSE" class="mw-redirect" title="INCOSE">International Council on Systems Engineering</a> (INCOSE) Model Driven Systems Design workgroup to customize the UML for systems engineering applications. Following this decision, INCOSE and the <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> (OMG), which maintains the UML specification, jointly chartered the OMG Systems Engineering Domain Special Interest Group (SE DSIG) in July 2001. The SE DSIG, with support from INCOSE and the <a href="ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">ISO AP 233</a> workgroup, developed the requirements for the modeling language, which were subsequently issued by the OMG parting in the <i>UML for Systems Engineering Request for Proposal</i> (UML for SE RFP; OMG document ad/03-03-41) in March 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-rfp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2003 David Oliver and Sanford Friedenthal of INCOSE requested that <a href="Cris_Kobryn" title="Cris Kobryn">Cris Kobryn</a>, who successfully led the UML 1 and UML 2 language design teams, lead their joint effort to respond to the UML for SE RFP.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Chair of the SysML Partners, Kobryn coined the language name "SysML" (short for "Systems Modeling Language"), designed the original SysML logo, and organized the SysML Language Design team as an open source specification project.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Friedenthal served as Deputy Chair, and helped organize the original SysML Partners team.

</p><p>In January 2005, the SysML Partners published the SysML v0.9 draft specification. Later, in August 2005, Friedenthal and several other original SysML Partners left to establish a competing SysML Submission Team (SST).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SysML Partners released the SysML v1.0 Alpha specification in November 2005.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OMG_SysML">OMG SysML</h3></div>

<p>After a series of competing SysML specification proposals, a SysML Merge Team was proposed to the OMG in April 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This proposal was voted upon and adopted by the OMG in July 2006 as OMG SysML, to differentiate it from the original open source specification from which it was derived. Because OMG SysML is derived from open source SysML, it also includes an open source license for distribution and use.

</p><p>The OMG SysML v. 1.0 specification was issued by the OMG as an Available Specification in September 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current version of OMG SysML is v1.6, which was issued by the OMG in December 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, SysML was published by the <a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) in 2017 as a full <a href="International_standard" title="International standard">International Standard</a> (IS), ISO/IEC 19514:2017 (Information technology -- Object management group systems modeling language).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The OMG has been working on the next generation of SysML and issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for version 2 on December 8, 2017, following its open standardization process.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting specification, which will incorporate language enhancements from experience applying the language, will include a UML profile, a <a href="Metamodeling" title="Metamodeling">metamodel</a>, and a mapping between the profile and metamodel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second RFP for a SysML v2 <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">Application Programming Interface</a> (API) and Services RFP was issued in June 2018. Its aim is to enhance the interoperability of <a href="Model-based_systems_engineering" title="Model-based systems engineering">model-based systems engineering</a> tools.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagrams">Diagrams</h2></div>

<p>SysML includes 9 types of diagram, some of which are taken from <a href="Unified_Modelling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Modelling Language">UML</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">Activity diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_definition_diagram" title="Block definition diagram">Block definition diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Internal_block_diagram" title="Internal block diagram">Internal block diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_diagram" title="Package diagram">Package diagram</a></li>

<li>Parametric diagram</li>

<li><a href="Requirement_diagram" title="Requirement diagram">Requirement diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Sequence_diagram" title="Sequence diagram">Sequence diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="State_machine_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="State machine diagram">State machine diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram">Use case diagram</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2></div>

<p>There are several modeling tool vendors offering SysML support. Lists of tool vendors who support SysML or OMG SysML can be found on the SysML Forum<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or SysML<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> websites, respectively.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_exchange">Model exchange</h3></div>

<p>As an <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> <a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML 2.0</a> <a href="Profile_(UML)" title="Profile (UML)">profile</a>, SysML models are designed to be exchanged using the <a href="XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XML Metadata Interchange</a> (XMI) standard. In addition, architectural alignment work is underway to support the <a href="ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">ISO 10303</a> (also known as STEP, the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data) AP-233 standard for exchanging and sharing information between <a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a> software applications and tools.

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<ul><li><a href="SoaML" title="SoaML">SoaML</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_systems_language" title="Energy systems language">Energy systems language</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_process_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Object process methodology">Object process methodology</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Systems_Language" title="Universal Systems Language">Universal Systems Language</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_SysML_tools" title="List of SysML tools">List of SysML tools</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Flexible Views for View-based Model-driven Development</i> By Burger, Erik. KIT Scientific Publishing, Nov 14, 2014. Pg. 250.</span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sysml.org/index.html">"SysML Open Source Project: What is SysML? Who created it?"</a>. <i>SysML.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Embedded Systems Security. By David Kleidermacher, Mike Kleidermacher. Elsevier, 2012. Pg 180.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Annex A: Diagrams (normative)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF"><i>Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1</i></a>. <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> Document Number formal/2017-12-05. <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> Standards Development Organization (OMG SDO). December 2017. p. 683.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-rfp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfp_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012011253/http://syseng.omg.org/UML_for_SE_RFP.htm">"UML for Systems Engineering RFP"</a>. <i>OMG SE DSIG</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syseng.omg.org/UML_for_SE_RFP.htm">the original</a> on Oct 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sysml.org/sysml-partners/index.html">"SysML Partners: Creators of the SysML"</a>. <i>SysML.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018204237/https://sysml.org/sysml-partners/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sysml.org/sysml-faq//sysml-faq/who-created-sysml.html">"SysML FAQ: Who created SysML and how did it get its name?"</a>. <i>SysML.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.0/PDF">"OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™), V1.0"</a>. <i>Object Management Group</i>. September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.6/">"About the OMG Systems Modeling Language Specification Version 1.6"</a>. <i>Object Management Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/65231.html">"ISO/IEC 19514:2017 - Information technology -- Object management group systems modeling language (OMG SysML)"</a>. <i>ISO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omgwiki.org/OMGSysML/doku.php?id=sysml-roadmap:sysml_v2_requirements_review_page">"sysml-roadmap:sysml_v2_requirements_review_page [OMG SysML Portal]"</a>. <i>OMG Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/processintro.htm">"OMG Process Introduction"</a>. <i>Object Management Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sysmlforum.com/sysml-tools/">"Commercial, Free & Open Source SysML Tools for MBSE"</a>. <i>sysmlforum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omgsysml.org">"OMG SysML"</a>. <i>omgsysml.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBalmelli2007" class="citation book cs1">Balmelli, Laurent (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jot.fm/issues/issue_2007_07/article5.pdf"><i>An Overview of the Systems Modeling Language for Products and Systems Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Journal of Object Technology, vol. 6, no. 6, July–August 2007, pp. 149-177.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDelligatti2013" class="citation book cs1">Delligatti, Lenny (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informit.com/store/sysml-distilled-a-brief-guide-to-the-systems-modeling-9780321927866"><i>SysML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Systems Modeling Language</i></a>. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-321-92786-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHolt2008" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Jon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theiet.org/resources/books/computing/sysml.cfm"><i>SysML for Systems Engineering</i></a>. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-86341-825-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWeilkiens2008" class="citation book cs1">Weilkiens, Tim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.system-modeling.com"><i>Systems Engineering with SysML/UML: Modeling, Analysis, Design</i></a>. Morgan Kaufmann / The OMG Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-374274-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFriedenthalMooreSteiner2016" class="citation book cs1">Friedenthal, Sanford; Moore, Alan; Steiner, Rick (2016). <i>A Practical Guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language</i> (Third ed.). Morgan Kaufmann / The OMG Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-800202-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2015" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2015). <i>Agile Systems Engineering</i>. Morgan Kaufmann. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0128021200</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Introduction to Systems Modeling Language (SysML), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGDErNmqNLw">Part 1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tJq6DgY0BE">Part 2</a>. YouTube.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysml.org">SysML Open Source Specification Project</a> Provides information related to SysML open source specifications, FAQ, mailing lists, and open source licenses.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omgsysml.org">OMG SysML Website</a> Furnishes information related to the OMG SysML specification, SysML tutorial, papers, and tool vendor information.</li>

<li>Article "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=187200782">EE Times article on SysML (May 8, 2006)</a>"</li>

<li>SE^2 MBSE Challenge team: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbse.gfse.de">Telescope Modeling</a>"</li>

<li>Paper "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omgsysml.org/SysML_Modelling_Language_explained-finance.pdf">System Modelling Language explained</a>" (PDF format)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bruce-douglass.com">Bruce Douglass: Real-Time Agile Systems and Software Development</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mbse4u.com/sysml-v2-tools/">List of Popular SysML Modeling Tools</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Systems_engineering118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems engineering</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subfields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_systems_engineering" title="Biological systems engineering">Biological systems engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_systems_engineering" title="Cognitive systems engineering">Cognitive systems engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Configuration_management" title="Configuration management">Configuration management</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_systems_engineering_and_management" title="Earth systems engineering and management">Earth systems engineering and management</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_systems_engineering" title="Enterprise systems engineering">Enterprise systems engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_systems_engineering" title="Health systems engineering">Health systems engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_engineering" title="Performance engineering">Performance engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanford_torus" title="Stanford torus">Sociocultural Systems Engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">Requirements engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_Analysis_and_Allocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Functional Analysis and Allocation">Functional Analysis and Allocation</a></li>

<li><a href="System_integration" title="System integration">System integration</a></li>

<li><a href="Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_review" title="Design review">Design review</a></li>

<li><a href="System_of_systems_engineering" title="System of systems engineering">System of systems engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Business_process" title="Business process">Business process</a></li>

<li><a href="Fault_tolerance" title="Fault tolerance">Fault tolerance</a></li>

<li><a href="System" title="System">System</a></li>

<li><a href="System_lifecycle" class="mw-redirect" title="System lifecycle">System lifecycle</a></li>

<li><a href="V-model" title="V-model">V-Model</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_development_life_cycle" title="Systems development life cycle">Systems development life cycle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Decision-making" title="Decision-making">Decision-making</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_model" title="Function model">Function modelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Mathematical_optimization" title="Mathematical optimization">Optimization</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">Quality function deployment</a></li>

<li><a href="Spare_part" title="Spare part">Spare part</a></li>

<li><a href="System_dynamics" title="System dynamics">System dynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_Modeling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Modeling Language">Systems Modeling Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Systems analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_modeling" title="Systems modeling">Systems modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Work_breakdown_structure" title="Work breakdown structure">Work breakdown structure</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="James_S._Albus" title="James S. Albus">James S. Albus</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruzena_Bajcsy" title="Ruzena Bajcsy">Ruzena Bajcsy</a></li>

<li><a href="Benjamin_S._Blanchard" title="Benjamin S. Blanchard">Benjamin S. Blanchard</a></li>

<li><a href="Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathleen_Carley" title="Kathleen Carley">Kathleen Carley</a></li>

<li><a href="Harold_Chestnut" title="Harold Chestnut">Harold Chestnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Wolt_Fabrycky" title="Wolt Fabrycky">Wolt Fabrycky</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbara_Grosz" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Grosz">Barbara Grosz</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_David_Hall_III" title="Arthur David Hall III">Arthur David Hall III</a></li>

<li><a href="Derek_Hitchins" title="Derek Hitchins">Derek Hitchins</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_E._Machol" title="Robert E. Machol">Robert E. Machol</a></li>

<li><a href="Radhika_Nagpal" title="Radhika Nagpal">Radhika Nagpal</a></li>

<li><a href="Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Francis_Shea" title="Joseph Francis Shea">Joseph Francis Shea</a></li>

<li><a href="Katia_Sycara" title="Katia Sycara">Katia Sycara</a></li>

<li><a href="Manuela_M._Veloso" title="Manuela M. Veloso">Manuela M. Veloso</a></li>

<li><a href="John_N._Warfield" title="John N. Warfield">John N. Warfield</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_management" title="Quality management">Quality management</a></li>

<li><a href="Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Systems_Modeling_Language55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Systems_Modeling_Language55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Systems_Modeling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Modeling Language">Systems Modeling Language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="International_Council_on_Systems_Engineering" title="International Council on Systems Engineering">International Council on Systems Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a></li>

<li><a href="SysML_Partners" title="SysML Partners">SysML Partners</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_(UML)" title="Activity (UML)">Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="Actor_(UML)" title="Actor (UML)">Actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Association_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Association (object-oriented programming)">Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">Attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_diagram" title="Block diagram">Block diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_(UML)" title="Event (UML)">Event</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_flow_block_diagram" title="Functional flow block diagram">Functional flow block diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalization" title="Generalization">Generalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">Inheritance</a></li>

<li><a href="Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Message_passing" title="Message passing">Message passing</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_composition" title="Object composition">Object composition</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_analysis_and_design" title="Object-oriented analysis and design">Object-oriented analysis and design</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_(UML)" title="Package (UML)">Package</a></li>

<li><a href="Parametric_equation" title="Parametric equation">Parametric equation</a></li>

<li><a href="Profile_(UML)" title="Profile (UML)">Profile</a></li>

<li><a href="State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">State</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">Unified Modeling Language</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XML Metadata Interchange</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unified_Modeling_Language80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Unified_Modeling_Language80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">Unified Modeling Language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Organizations</i>

<ul><li><a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a></li>

<li><a href="UML_Partners" title="UML Partners">UML Partners</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i>Persons</i>

<ul><li><a href="Grady_Booch" title="Grady Booch">Grady Booch</a></li>

<li><a href="Ivar_Jacobson" title="Ivar Jacobson">Ivar Jacobson</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Rumbaugh" title="James Rumbaugh">James Rumbaugh</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Object oriented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object-oriented programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_analysis_and_design" title="Object-oriented analysis and design">Object-oriented analysis and design</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_modeling" title="Object-oriented modeling">Object-oriented modeling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actor_(UML)" title="Actor (UML)">Actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">Attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Artifact_(UML)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artifact (UML)">Artifact</a></li>

<li><a href="Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">Class</a></li>

<li><a href="Component_(UML)" title="Component (UML)">Component</a></li>

<li><a href="Protocol_(object-oriented_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (object-oriented programming)">Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_(UML)" title="Package (UML)">Package</a></li>

<li><a href="Profile_diagram" title="Profile diagram">Profile diagram</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_(UML)" title="Activity (UML)">Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_(UML)" title="Event (UML)">Event</a></li>

<li><a href="Message_passing" title="Message passing">Message</a></li>

<li><a href="Method_(computer_programming)" title="Method (computer programming)">Method</a></li>

<li><a href="State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">State</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Association_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Association (object-oriented programming)">Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_composition" title="Object composition">Composition</a></li>

<li><a href="Coupling_(computer_programming)" title="Coupling (computer programming)">Dependency</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalization" title="Generalization">Generalization</a> (or <a href="Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">Inheritance</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extensibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Profile_(UML)" title="Profile (UML)">Profile</a></li>

<li><a href="Stereotype_(UML)" title="Stereotype (UML)">Stereotype</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Class_diagram#Multiplicity" title="Class diagram">Multiplicity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diagrams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">Class</a></li>

<li><a href="Component_diagram" title="Component diagram">Component</a></li>

<li><a href="Composite_structure_diagram" title="Composite structure diagram">Composite structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Deployment_diagram" title="Deployment diagram">Deployment</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_diagram" title="Object diagram">Object</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_diagram" title="Package diagram">Package</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behaviour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="UML_state_machine" title="UML state machine">State Machine</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Communication_diagram" title="Communication diagram">Communications</a></li>

<li><a href="Sequence_diagram" title="Sequence diagram">Sequence</a></li>

<li><a href="Interaction_overview_diagram" title="Interaction overview diagram">Interaction overview</a></li>

<li><a href="Timing_diagram_(Unified_Modeling_Language)" title="Timing diagram (Unified Modeling Language)">Timing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Systems_Modeling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Modeling Language">Systems Modeling Language (SysML)</a></li>

<li><a href="UXF" title="UXF">UML eXchange Format (UXF)</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Executable_UML" title="Executable UML">Executable UML (xUML)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_terms" title="Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms">Glossary of UML terms</a></li>

<li><a href="Rational_Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Unified Process">Rational Unified Process</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_tools" title="List of Unified Modeling Language tools">List of Unified Modeling Language tools</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_Modeling_in_Color" title="Object Modeling in Color">Object Modeling in Color</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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